15. There's no special magic with " had had ", they don't really go together as a pair anymore than " had wanted " go together. So don't worry so much about how to use " had had " as a …
By the time we arrived, the party had begun. = The party began. Then we arrived. By the time we arrived, they had eaten all the food! = They ate all the food; then we arrived. I had had a bad day …
Both lines (must be or had to be [or have to be]) generally, but not always, imply that there is some evidence to the contrary of the fact being true. The actual truth (or the author's …
111. "Have had" is using the verb have in the present perfect tense. Consider the present tense sentence: I have a lot of homework. This means that I have a lot of homework now. On the …
To me, "had been" implies a change of state: The phone rang. I was asleep. (No implication of state change. Further sentences would clarify if the speaker woke up, or never heard it.) The phone …
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